Breech mechanism for small-arms.



K. J. EBER'I.

BREEGH MEGHANISM FOR SMALL ARMS.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 4, 1907.

Patentedv June 8,1909.

4 SHEETS-s111121* 1.

Ill I WWA/55555:

K. J. EBERT.

BRBECH MEGHANISM FOR SMALL ARMS.

APPLICATION FILED'JUNE 4, 1907.

Patented June 8, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

K. LEBEBT. BREEGE MEGHANISM POR SMALL ARMS.

v APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4I 1907. 924,224.

Patented June 8,1909.-

4 SHEETS-SHEET B.

`Hulllll m-umlmlllmlmlllnn K. J. BBERT.. BREECH MEGHANISM POR SMALL ARMS.

' v. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4, 1907. 924,224.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patented June 8, 1.909.

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uNirED sTArEs raras 'r OFFICE. l

KARL JOSEF EBERT, OF COLOGNE, GEMANY.

y BREECH MIEGHANISM-FOR SMALL-ARMS..

Speciication of Letters Patent. Application led June 4, 1907. Serial No..A 377,189.

Patented June 8, 1909.

useful Improvements Relating to Improveof the same.'

ments in o1' Connected with Breech Mecha-nism for Small-Arms, of Awhich the following is a full, clear, and'eXact description.

The known knee ortoggle link arrangements, irespective of their purely constructive differential characteristics, are all so limited in their method of working, that the maximum stroke of the breech part effected by themv can in no'case be -greater than the actual length of both members of the link taken together. This renders their application, to most weapons, and .particularly to those which must have `a certainV shape dimensions and Weight, impossible, because the ordinary very long cartridges necessi-v tate llengths of hnk or lever which cannot be arranged in any Weapon.

By means of the present invention it is possibleto employ the knee or toggle link locking mechanism, which has been recogniz'ed as the ideal system, even with transportable weapons, and'cither with those having a fixed barrel or with those provided with a movable barrel without it being necessary to exceed the permissible dimensions In this connection it is to be noted that with weapons having movable barrels the knee or toggle link can be brought right up' to its fully extended position, and opened in the usual manner by the barrel on its sliding back, thus forming a so called positive locking means. 'I'n the' case, .how-

ever,'of weapons having fixed barrels in. which .the opening impulse (produced .by

the barrel as it slides back) is absent, it is ordinarily not possible to completely extend the knee or toggle link. It usually remains bentwithin certain limits (about 5) in orderthat it can be opened merely by the pressure of the gas without the use of any 'other means. In this lposition thev locking mechanism. in the case of -abnormally hi h gas pressures would probably not oHer su cient security against a premature opening.`

Therefore in weapons provided with fixed barrels and having knee or toggle link locking mechanism, the provision of suitable parts for giving the link at leasta slight breaking movement after firing is generally of the greatest advantage. In the, case of the present link locking mechanism which turns right through, such parts are practically indispensable. Such parts which form a feature of my invention are alsoadapted. to increase to any required degree the resistance of the locking mechanism in its Alocking position when this is desirable, asin sharp shooting. On the other hand, this .resistance may be correspondingly reduced when the breech' 1s opened by hand or when shooting with blank cartridges.

One form of construction of the present invention, as applied to a Weapon having a fixed barrel, is shown inthe accompanying vdrawings and illustrates by what means the fundamental object of the invention, namely, the increase or extension of the lengtlsn of a knee or toggle link without prolonging the members of the link, is eected.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows in vertical longitudinal section the breech mechanism with the new knee or toggle link arrangement, the breech or locking mechanism being closed and the firing pin l 'or hammer cocked ready for firing. Fig. 2

shows the position of the knee or toggle link, as regards the parts of the breech mechanism adected by it in the locking or closed position. Fig. 3 is a transverse section through the gun taken lon the line 1 1 of Fig. 1 showing the arrangement and disposition of the palr of knee or toggle levers in the breech of the'gun with relation to the breech boltor cylinder d. In this gure the link isshown as partly broken. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the new knee or toggle link in its extreme extended position and Figs. 5to 9 are detail views. Fi 10 is a horizontal view partly in section othe link mechanism in its forwardly'extended position; Fig. 11 is a longitudinal sectional vie showingthe link mechanism and breech cy inder in elevation and the breech cylinder moved backward to approximately the middle position; Figs. 12 and v13 are respectively a side elevation and plan partly in section lof the same parts moved. back to their released position.

Referring tothe drawings, the mechanism illustrated constitutes a str-aight pull locking' mechanism the breech locking bolt or cylinder d of which is exposedto' the constant pressure of a spring e tending to close the same, which latter also receives or absorbs the recoil, and further, by pushing forward- .extend at right angles to the pivotal axes of will be seen that the members Z an the breech cylinder into its closed position and introducing a fresh Icartridge into the barrel, brings the weapon again into the or socket l1, which is either screwed into the rear part of the breech casing a of the weapon or inserted by means o a bayonet joint and after removal of the casing a of the weapon, can be taken out of the same.

The breech a of the weapon is at its top covered over and the socket L is secured in position by means of a half circular cover ZJ,

whichas may be seen from Fig. 3 is mounted and slides into and out of posltion in guides b1 and in a similar manner the accidental dis lacement thereof is prevented.

fter removin the cover o from the breech a the breec cylinder d together with the ring pin or hammer g and the knee or toggle linkZ-m-can be drawn/ upward out y( of said breech.

All the other parts effecting the dischar ing andsecuring of the weapon as may' e seen from Figs. 1 and`5 to 8 of the drawings are arranged on the trigger uard c which` also forms the lower part o the magazine and receives one end of the cover for the under side ofthe same and -its means of fastening.

The knee or toggle link as shown prefer-- ably comprises a member Z formed of two side pieces Z2 Z2 each of which is pivoted in the breech at Z1 (Fig. 3) and a U-shaped member m having legs pivoted at m1 on each side 'of thebreechcyllnder (Z. -The pieces Z2 Z2 are arranged on opposite sides of the member m and pivoted to the latter at its free end at ms as clearly shown in Fi 3. It m are mounted inV diierent parallel lanes which the members. The result of this construction .is' that as the breech cylinder moves /fbackwardly the member m asses between the side i'eces Z2 Z2 complete y through the member to the rear of the same.- This action will. bev clear from the diagram Fi 4. In this diagram the point c correspons to the pivot Z1 of the member Z, which point i remains fixed during the movements of the cylinder. The point I) which corresponds to the pivot m travels in the circular shaded path. The point a which corresponds tothe 'i y 111e to ya position in the same vertical plane as the point c and then an' equal distance to the rear of such point, so that it reaches the positionl a1. The links Z and m swing rearivotal connection m1 travels in a straight.

wardly durin these movements, from ull line to dottedine positions. It will be seen that by myA inventlon it is ossible to provide a movement of' the breech cylinder equal to twice the combined length of the links, so that a given movement may be provided for with a very small and' compact' link mechanism. It will be understood, however, that my improved mechanism is of great importance even though its -full capacity of movement is not utilized, and I desire to claim itbroadly whether or not it is so used.` In' the ,construction shown the full capabilities of the mechanism are not used, but even in this construction the length of travel of the cylinder cZ is about one half longer than the combined lengths of the links.

The position which the various parts of thenew breech system take up with regard to each other when locked or closed may be seen from Fi 1 and 2. In the form of construction s own in these figures the discharge of the weapon is effected as may be seen Ifrom Fig. 1 by the movement of the l trigger rod or scar n which is pivoted to the fixed pointu1 and is in loose connection by means of a spring n2 and a bolt n with the trigger lever o'which latter is pivoted to the fixed point o1 and acts on the necessary detent parts in a. suitable manner.

The securing of the loaded weapon from being accidentally discharged is effected in the usual known manner by displacing a rotary nbody p through about 90 which rotary body p 1s in the present case formed as n an angle lever and is moved by the safety catch q1. The rotary body p asses with the solid part of its half remove shaft beneath the lever o and with its free lever end beneath the part mf of the knee or toggle link whereby both are rendered immovable. Thus the knee or toggle link cannot effect any opening movement of the breech and .the irmg parts also are prevented from any movement.

In Figs. 5 to 9 I have shown'the parts for giving an initial breaking movement to the ink 1n connection with a weaponv havin a fixed barrel. The parts r (Fig. 9) rovi ed for this 1purpose preferably take t e form of suitab y shaped plates which b means of pivots r1 are arranged looselly" in t e interior of the socket or breech of t e wea on close to the ba'ck magazine wall (Fig. 8 (oneat the left and one at the right) and at their lower reinforced ends r2 are exposed to the pressure of a spring s which is su ported by the back wall of the magazine/ uilen of the lates r is formed with a nose r" which overies the joint of the link, and which 'is adapt-l ed to press down such joint to give an initial breaking movement to the link when the plates are tilted downwardly 'around their pivots. Such .parts are also adapted to lock the link in its forward position' or at least increase its resistance to opening. For this `purpose the parts i" are each provided with an inwardly projecting catch w which comes into contact at i: with the loweredge of the front member m of the knee or toggle link when in the cooking position, and owing to the action of the spring s exerts a pressure tending to extend the link. The strength of this pressure is principally determined by the length of the lever arm Z-fv, but can be regulated within very wide limits by the use of springs s of different strengths. The

locking effected in this manner offers every y security against a premature opening when sharp shooting. It also prevents the opening by hand,` for bringing into condition for firing by loading the'magazine, and excludes the use 'of blank ammunition, unless the lockingl action of theparts i is previously wholly orV partially annulled. The latter'is preferably effected. indirectly b the rotary body p effecting the safety o the loaded tion II- when it is required t0 annul the lock-1- ng action of the parts r and also if necessary to effect the initial breaking of t-he knee or toggle link by means of the same.

Figs. 7 and 8 show how the safety catch g1 f with its boss g is arranged in the trigger guard bar c; it is inserted in a pocket open at the top formed in the same and is held and centered by a part u in the bar c exposed to the pressure of a spring t. It is arranged so as to be axially displaceable but is prevented from rotating byl a vfeather u1 and enters with its pivot u2 into the bore of the boss g of the safety catch, whereby the safety catch can be fixed in its three positions I, II, III, by projections uawhich are provided on the front surface ofthe part u and engage in corresponding grooves formed on the surface of the boss g.

Fig. 5 shows the relation of all the locking parts to eac hother vwhen sharp shooting, with the safety catch in its fundamental position I.l Now if the safety catchis moved from Igto II then the various parts assume the position shown in Fig. 6- as the rotary body with its catches p1 p1, sliding along the .profile .curve fr4 4on the lower en'd -of the parts fr turns the same sofar by overcoming the actionofthe spring s that lw lis released from "v and the nose 'r3 presses on the end ofthe l link Z and thus somewhat opens or breaks the knee link. Now if at the end of the iirst loading movement or of the shooting with blank ammunition, the safety .catch is turned back into its fundamentalv position I, then the weapon is again ready for sharp shooting and for the self loading working connected thereto. 4

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by patent. is:

1. In a breech mechanism for firearms, a h

link mechanism comprising a plurality of members one of which has a pivotal connection with a fixed p'artvof the gun, and another of which has a pivotal connection with a movable part of the gun, said last named member. being adapted to move rearwardly to a point in which its pivotal connection passes that of the first member.

2. In a breech mechanism for firearms, a breech cylinder, a locking link mechanism connected with such cylinder and a pivoted member having a portion on one side of said' link mechanism adapted to give an. initial breaking movement to said mechanism, and having on the other side of said link mechanism a-stopadapted to engage said mechanism and cause it to resist the breaking movement,

and a spring tending normally to move saidstop .against said mechanism.

3. In a breech mechanism for firearms, a breech cylinder, a locking link mechanism connected with such cylinder and a pivoted member having a portion on one sideof said v link mechanism adapted to give an initial breaking movement to said mechanism, and having on the other side of said link mechanism a stop adapted to engage said mechanism and cause it to resist the breaking movement, v

and a controlling deviceadapted to control tlie operation of said pivoted member.

4. In a breech mechanism for rearms, a breech cylinder, a locking link mechanism connected with suchy cylinder and a -pivoted member having a portion on one side of said link mechanism adapted to give an initial breaking movement to said mechanism, and having on the other side of said link mechanism a stop adapted to engage said mechanism and cause it to resist the breaking movement, and a spring tending normally to move said stop against said mechanism, and a controlling mechanism having two positions, in vone of which said spring is adapted to operate said pivoted member to force said stop against said mechanism, and in the other of which said pivoted member is moved to effect the initial breaking movement of said mechanism.

5. In a breech mechanism for firearms, a breech cylinder, a locking link mechanism connected with vsuch cylinder, and a part 'r having a portion adapted to effect an initial breaking movement of such mechanism, and a portion adapted to resist such-'breaking movement, a rotary body p having catches p1 p1, one of which is adapted to control said pivoted member r and the other of which is adapted to lock the firing pin or striking part of the breech mechanism.

6. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a breech cylinder movable in a straight line forward and backward, of a link mechanism consisting of a plurality of members the rear one of which is pivoted to the/casing of the n and the forward one of'which is pivoteuto said breech cylinder, the parts being arranged with an open path for said forward link and said breech cylinder backward .past the ivotal connection of said rear member wit the casing and past said rear member.

7. In an automatic firearm, thek combination of a lbreech cylinder movable -in av straight line forward and backward, of a link mechanism consisting of a plurality of members the rear one of which is pivoted to .the casing of the gun and the forward one of which is pivoted to said breech cylinder, said rear member being a forked arm 'between the prongs of which the forward member is adapted to move backward toward its rearwardly extended osition and past the pivotal connection of) said rear member to the ing "the lockin effect, said means comprising a plate wit in the range of movement of and havinga portion .adapted to engage one of said members, and a spring pressing said plate toward said member.

In witness Whereof,I have hereunto sined my name in the presence oftwo subscri lng witnesses.

KARL JOSEF EBERT. Witnesses:

Bassin T. DUNLAP, LOUIS VANnoRN. 

